Cartilage is a tissue (group of cells) that covers the bones at a joint (point where two bones come together).
Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) occurs when the cushioning cartilage in the joints breaks down, causing pain and stiffness. With the improvement in life expectancy, most persons past the age of 60 years have osteoarthritis to a certain degree.
Types
Osteoarthritis can occur in the absence of a particular
cause.
It can also have an obvious underlying
factor such as
injury (previous fractures), infections,
hormonal disorders,
or as a consequence of
another type of arthritis such as
rheumatoid
arthritis. Obesity (overweight) may also lead
to osteoarthritis in the weight bearing joints.
Symptoms
Joint pain is the usual symptom. Initially the
pain comes on after overwork and is relieved
by rest. Later, as the disease progresses, pain
occurs even while resting. Rarely the pain is felt
far from the affected joint.
Treatment Osteoarthritis can't be cured; however some new therapies show promise of slowing or stopping cartilage destruction. Weight loss - on your joints wears out your cartilage faster. If you are overweight, your doctor will urge you to trim down to a weight appropriate for your age and height Painkillers - Creams, gels and lotions containing various kinds of painkillers are popular over – the – counter treatments. Counter irritants distract the sensation of pain Glucocorticoid injection - Injection directly into or around the joint are sometimes given to relieve pain and swelling
Assistive Devices - Canes, splints, braces, and other assistive devices that help support the joints or relieve stress and pain can help the patient get around better and reduce his/her risk of falling Swimming - Swimming and doing other aerobic water exercises in a heated pool can help you exercise without putting pressure on your joints.
Surgery
Debridement
The surgeon smoothes out irregular joint surfaces, and removes loose bits of bone or cartilage that could be contributing to inflammation.
Osteotomy
Doctors cut and re-set bones to realign the joint. This procedure is most often performed on the knee joint.
Arthrodesis
Also called "joint fusion", the doctor may suggest this surgery when joints are seriously damaged. It is usually done on sections of the spine but may involve ankles and other joints.
Arthroplasty
This is another term for total joint replacement; the damaged joint is removed and replaced with a plastic or metal joint.. However, artificial joints usually have to be replaced after 10 to 20 years, which means they are a last choice for a young person who would require several replacements over time.