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Osteoarthritis

Cartilage is a tissue (group of cells) that covers the bones at a joint (point where two bones come together). Osteoarthritis (degenerative joint disease) occurs when the cushioning cartilage in the joints breaks down, causing pain and stiffness. With the improvement in life expectancy, most persons past the age of 60 years have osteoarthritis to a certain degree.

 

Types
Osteoarthritis can occur in the absence of a particular cause.
It can also have an obvious underlying factor such as
injury (previous fractures), infections, hormonal disorders,
or as a consequence of another type of arthritis such as
rheumatoid arthritis. Obesity (overweight) may also lead
to osteoarthritis in the weight bearing joints.


Symptoms

Joint pain is the usual symptom. Initially the pain comes on after overwork and is relieved by rest. Later, as the disease progresses, pain occurs even while resting. Rarely the pain is felt far from the affected joint.
 
 
 
 

                                 Treatment
                                            Osteoarthritis can't be cured; however some new therapies show                                              promise of slowing or stopping cartilage destruction.
                                            Weight loss - on your joints wears out your cartilage faster. If you                                   are overweight, your doctor will urge you to trim down to a weight                                   appropriate for your age and height
                                             Painkillers - Creams, gels and lotions containing various kinds of                                  painkillers are popular over – the – counter treatments. Counter                                  irritants distract the sensation of pain
              Glucocorticoid injection - Injection directly into or around the joint are sometimes given to relieve pain and swelling

Assistive Devices - Canes, splints, braces, and other assistive devices that help support the joints or relieve stress and pain can help the patient get around better and reduce his/her risk of falling
Swimming - Swimming and doing other aerobic water exercises in a heated pool can help you exercise without putting pressure on your joints.
 

Surgery

  1. Debridement
    The surgeon smoothes out irregular joint surfaces, and removes loose bits of bone or cartilage that could be contributing to inflammation.
  2. Osteotomy
    Doctors cut and re-set bones to realign the joint. This procedure is most often performed on the knee joint.
  3. Arthrodesis
    Also called "joint fusion", the doctor may suggest this surgery when joints are seriously damaged. It is usually done on sections of the spine but may involve ankles and other joints.
  4. Arthroplasty
    This is another term for total joint replacement; the damaged joint is removed and replaced with a plastic or metal joint.. However, artificial joints usually have to be replaced after 10 to 20 years, which means they are a last choice for a young person who would require several replacements over time.
 
 
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